TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
Dedication |
III |
Acknowledgements |
III |
Table of contents. |
III |
Foreword |
III |
Introduction |
III |
PART ONE: BACKGROUND, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES THAT INFLUENCE |
|
THE SPIRITUAL FORMATION FOR FUTURE PRIESTS IN VIETNAM |
|
CHAPTER I VIETNAMESE SOCIETY |
|
A. Historical Context of Vietnam Related to Feudalism Period. |
12 |
1. Religious Bases of Misunderstanding and Persecutions. |
12 |
a. True Meaning of Ancestor Worship |
12 |
b. Supreme Role of Ông Trời (Heaven) |
13 |
c. Harmful Misunderstanding. |
14 |
d. New Way and New Chance |
14 |
e. Political Reason of Tension, Conflicts and Persecutions |
15 |
B. Historical Context of Vietnam Related to Communist Period |
16 |
1. Relations of Catholic Church and Communist Government |
16 |
a. Confrontations |
16 |
b. Understanding and Collaboration |
17 |
c. Struggles caused by this New Situation. |
18 |
d. Sign of Hope |
19 |
2. Monopoly on Education in Vietnam |
20 |
3. New Kind of Religion.... |
20 |
4. Restoration of Popular Religions |
21 |
5. Reaction with Faithful Hope |
21 |
C. Some Cultural Factors of Vietnamese People's Mentality |
22 |
1. Flexible Words Hide True Feelings. |
22 |
2. Distinction between Reluctant Submission and Heartfelt Obedience |
23 |
3. Regional Characteristics within Country |
23 |
4. Helpful Warning for Spiritual Formation. |
24 |
CHAPTER II VIETNAMESE LOCAL CHURCH WITH HER SEMINARIES AND CLERGY |
|
A. Point of View of Vietnamese Church Leaders |
27 |
B. Only Six Major Seminaries for Vietnamese Catholic Church..... |
28 |
C. Difficulties in Admission and Formation |
28 |
1. Problem of Seminarians' Admission Process |
28 |
2. Problem of Formators and Formation Process. |
29 |
D. Seminary Representatives' Biennial Meetings |
29 |
1. Representatives Meetings' Activities |
29 |
2. Representatives Meetings' Request to Government. |
30 |
3. Representatives Meetings' Request to Church Leaders. |
31 |
E. Crucial Problem of Shortage of Formators |
31 |
1. Reality Urges More Efforts |
31 |
2. Present Resolution and Hope in the Future |
32 |
F. Overview of Vietnamese Seminarians' Situation. |
33 |
1. Expectations and Hopes of Seminarians' Family.............. |
33 |
2. Non-Resident or Unofficial Seminarians.... |
34 |
3. Church Requirements and Difficulties of Candidates...... |
34 |
4. Problems of Recruitment and Admission Process. |
35 |
(a) Limited Number. |
35 |
(b) Low Quality of Intellectual Level |
36 |
(c) Problems of Relationship and Celibacy |
36 |
(d) Social Defect of Cheating and Dishonesty |
37 |
(e) Subtle Negotiation |
37 |
(f) Graduate Seminarians for Priesthood |
38 |
G. Present Situation of Vietnamese Priests |
39 |
1. General Observation |
39 |
2. Positive Aspects |
39 |
3. Negative Aspects. |
40 |
4. Formative Vision for Seminarians |
41 |
CHAPTER III PRESENT SPIRITUAL FORMATION IN VIETNAM'S SEMINARIES |
|
A. Standard Program of Spiritual Formation |
43 |
a. Theory |
43 |
b. Spiritual Practices. |
44 |
c. Indispensable Support. |
44 |
B. Self-Examination of Seminarians |
44 |
C. Application of this Program in Reality |
45 |
D. Obstacles for Spiritual Development Process. |
46 |
E. Annual Evaluation |
48 |
F. Need for Constant Improvement |
50 |
PART TWO: TEACHINGS OF THE CHURCH CONCERNING SPIRITUAL FORMATION FOR SEMINARIANS |
|
CHAPTER IV TEACHINGS OF THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH CONCERNING SPIRITUAL FORMATION |
|
A. Documents of the Second Vatican Council |
54 |
1. Priestly Training (Optatam Totius). |
54 |
2. Ministry and Life of Priests (Presbyterorum Ordinis) |
55 |
B. Documents of the Holy See. |
57 |
1. I Will Give You Shepherds (Pastores Dabo Vobis) |
57 |
2. Ecclesia in Asia |
58 |
a. Priorities of the Church in Asia |
58 |
b. Spiritual Formation for Seminarians |
59 |
3. Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis (Basic Scheme for Priestly Training) |
60 |
a. General Guidelines. |
60 |
b. Specific Aspects |
61 |
4. Spiritual Formation in Seminaries |
63 |
C. Teaching of Pope John Paul II |
65 |
1. Contribution of Psychology in the Priestly Formation.... |
65 |
a. Proper and Limited Contribution of Psychology in Priestly Formation Process |
65 |
b. Spiritual Formation and Celibacy |
65 |
2. Solid Preparation for Priests |
66 |
3. Spiritual Formation Adapted to Missionary Challenges |
66 |
D. Teaching of Pope Benedict XVI |
67 |
1. Jesus Christ as True Measure |
67 |
2. Church has no Fear of the Future. |
68 |
3. Open Wide the Doors for Christ |
68 |
CHAPTER V TEACHINGS OF THE LOCAL CHURCH CONCERNING SPIRITUAL FORMATION |
|
A. Concrete Orientations of Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences |
69 |
1. Asian Images of Priest |
69 |
a. Central Priesthood of Jesus Christ, the Savior. |
69 |
b. The Priest, an Ecclesial Man |
69 |
c. Life and Function of Asian Priest's Context |
69 |
2. Aspects of the Formation Process. |
69 |
a. Style and Model of Forming the Candidates. |
69 |
b. Crucial Quality of the Formators. |
69 |
c. Need of Effective Way of Evaluation. |
69 |
3. Prayer Life in Spiritual Formation for Seminarians |
69 |
a. Vital Meaning of Prayer.. |
69 |
b. Interaction of Asian and Christian Forms of Prayer.. |
69 |
B. Teaching of the Local Church Concerning Spiritual Formation |
69 |
CHAPTER VI IMPLICATION OF CHURCH TEACHINGS IN SPIRITUAL FORMATION FOR SEMINARIANS |
|
A. Vision of Priesthood Implied in Spiritual Formation |
78 |
1. A Priest, Man Consecrated, Possessed and Guided by the Holy Spirit. |
79 |
2. A Priest, Spiritual Man and Man of Prayer |
80 |
3. A Priest, Man of the Sacred. |
81 |
4. A Priest, Man Having a Solid Biblical Foundation |
82 |
5. A Priest, Man Open to Communion |
83 |
6. A Priest, Man Committed to Mission |
84 |
7. A Priest, Man of Dialogue. |
85 |
8. A Priest, Man of Social Communication. |
85 |
9. A Priest, Man Sensitive to the Social Changes |
86 |
10. A Priest, Man of Prophetic Ministry |
87 |
B. Spirituality and Theology of the Priesthood. |
88 |
1. Spirituality of the Priesthood. |
88 |
2. Theology of the Priesthood |
89 |
C. Image and Identity of the Priest |
90 |
D. Spiritual Support and Nourishment |
93 |
PART THREE |
|
SPIRITUAL FORMATION AND SELF- FORMATION OF FUTURE PRIESTS IN VIETNAM TODAY'S CONTEXT |
CHAPTER VIICONTEXTUALIZING SPIRITUAL FORMATION |
|
A. In Perspective of Ecclesiology of Vatican II. |
98 |
B. In Perspective of Mission |
99 |
1. Urgency of Mission of the Church in Asia and Vietnam Today. |
99 |
2. Source and Model: Mission of Jesus |
100 |
a. Mission of Jesus before Easter |
100 |
b. Mission of Jesus after Easter |
101 |
C. Church is Missionary by Nature.. |
101 |
3. Dialogue, Relevant Way of Living and Doing Mission |
101 |
4. Becoming Eager and Effective Missionaries |
102 |
C. In Perspective of Collaboration with Laity |
102 |
1. New Concern, New Vision..... |
102 |
2. Collaboration with Lay People in General |
104 |
3. Collaboration with Women, Lay and Religious |
105 |
4. ICLA Formation Model. |
106 |
5. Vision and Recommendation of FABC |
108 |
D. In Perspective of Dialogue |
108 |
1. Attitude and Guideline of Pope Benedict XVI |
108 |
2. Dialogue with Cultures |
109 |
3. Interreligious Dialogue |
110 |
4. Being with the Poor. |
112 |
5. Dialogue with Communists. |
113 |
a. Reasons for Dialogue with Communists |
113 |
1) Mission of Jesus and Mission of the Church.... |
113 |
2) Requirement of the Gospel |
114 |
3) Historical Orientation of Humankind in our Times. |
115 |
4) Perceptional and Relational Evolution |
116 |
b. Criteria of this Dialogue |
117 |
1) Recommendations of Pope John Paul II |
117 |
2) Attitude of Vietnamese Bishops |
119 |
3) Understanding of FABC |
121 |
c. Relevant Ways of Dialogue with Communists in Vietnam |
121 |
1) Recognition of Civil Authorities |
121 |
2) Rejection of Dialogue at Ideological Level |
122 |
3) Dialogue of Life and Action |
123 |
4) Dialogue of Witnessing to God's Love |
124 |
5) Some Data of Statistics |
124 |
d. Way of Hope Already Opened. |
125 |
CHAPTER VIII SPIRITUAL FORMATION AND SELF-FORMATION OF VIETNAMESE FUTURE PRIESTS |
|
A. Pre-Seminary Period: Vocation Promotion, Dal Screening and Admission. |
127 |
1. Effective Collaboration at Diocesan Level |
127 |
a. Period of Preparation for the Seminary. |
127 |
b. Initial Commitment of Candidate. |
128 |
c. Personal Data of Candidate |
128 |
d. Indispensable Engagement of Diocesan Bishop... |
129 |
2. Assessment and Screening for Admission.... |
130 |
a. Family Background. |
130 |
b. Physical and Mental Health |
131 |
c. Moral and Spiritual Health |
132 |
d. Spiritual Direction and Counseling.. |
132 |
3. Discernment of Vocation. |
133 |
a. Two Cognitive Elements of Discernment of Vocation |
133 |
1) Structures of the Person's Right Intention......... |
134 |
2) Motivational Orientations |
134 |
b. Commitment to Self-Transformation and Mission. |
134 |
B. Seminary Period: Formation and Self-Formation |
135 |
1. General Plan of Seminary Formation Process |
135 |
2. Spiritual Formation |
136 |
a. Standard of Spiritual Formation |
136 |
b. Spiritual Direction |
137 |
1) Definition |
137 |
2) General Principles. |
137 |
3) Three Basic and Decisive Issues |
138 |
4) Assessment of Inner Motive |
140 |
c. Prayer Life and Interior Life |
141 |
1) Basic Orientations for Deep Spirituality |
141 |
2) Three Characteristics of Prayer. |
142 |
3) Pedagogical Means for Prayer Formation |
145 |
4) Silence: Conditions of Interior Life. |
146 |
5) Forms of Prayer: Word of God, Symbol and Ritual |
150 |
6) Asian and Vietnamese Manner of Praying...... |
154 |
7) Towards Becoming a Leader in Prayer. |
158 |
3. Structures of Spiritual Formation |
160 |
a. Formation and Internal/External Forum |
160 |
1) Definition of Terms |
160 |
2) Procedures and Interactions of Two Fora..... |
161 |
b. Agents of Formation |
164 |
1) Formative Community |
164 |
2) Candidate himself. |
165 |
3) Formators |
166 |
4) Spiritual Director |
169 |
5) Rector and Seminary Council. |
171 |
6) Small Groups of Peers.. |
172 |
7) Milieu of Pastoral Insertion. |
174 |
c. Evaluation and Presentation to Ordination |
175 |
1) Annual Evaluation Process of Seminary Council |
176 |
2) Annual Self-Evaluation of Seminarian |
177 |
3) Final Evaluation and Presentation to Ordination |
178 |
4) Unsuitable Candidates for the Priesthood. |
179 |
C. Post-Seminary First Five Years of Priesthood: Furthering Harmonious, Balanced and Mature Relationships in the Life and Ministry of Priests |
180 |
1. Faced to Unexpected Realities and Radical Needs. |
181 |
a. Unexpected Realities. |
181 |
b. Radical and Permanent Needs of the Church. |
182 |
c. Responsibility and Contribution of Seminary |
184 |
2. Relational Problems and Support |
186 |
a. Relationship with self. |
186 |
b. Relationship with Others. |
187 |
1) Relationship with Ordinary Bishop.. |
187 |
2) Relationship with Fellow Priests |
187 |
3) Relationships with Lay Men and Women |
188 |
4) Relationships with Women: Support or Probler in Life and Ministry of Priest? |
189 |
5) Relationships with Women: Be Wise and Awaken in Relationship with Religious Women |
190 |
6) Seeking the Good Ways of Relationships |
192 |
c. Relationship with Nature (Ecological Dimension). |
194 |
3. Relationship with God and Support |
195 |
a. Jesus of Nazareth, Way towards Abba |
195 |
b. Eucharist, Jesus Meal Presence |
196 |
c. Mother of Jesus, Mother of Priest |
196 |
CONCLUSION |
199 |
I. Findings |
203 |
TTI A. Background, Challenges and Opportunities of Spiritual Formation in |
203 |
Vietnam |
203 |
1. Historical Context Related to Feudalism Period. |
203 |
2. Historical Context Related to Communist Period... |
203 |
B. Concerning the Teachings of the Church |
204 |
1. Highlights of the Universal Church |
204 |
2. Concrete Orientations and Directives of the Local Church. |
204 |
3.. Implications of the Church Teachings |
204 |
C. Contextualizing Spiritual Formation. |
205 |
D. Particular Elements Helping Seminarians to Become Effective Ministers. |
205 |
1. Pre-Seminary Spiritual Formation |
205 |
2. Seminary Spiritual Formation and Self-Formation. |
205 |
a. Spiritual Formation. |
205 |
b. Prayer Life and Interior Life |
206 |
c. Structure of Spiritual Formation |
206 |
d. Evaluations and Presentation to Ordination... |
206 |
3. Post-Seminary First Five Years of Priesthood |
207 |
II. Practical Recommendations. |
207 |
A. Concerning Background and Challenges |
207 |
B. Concerning the Teachings of the Church |
208 |
C. Contextualizing Spiritual Formation. |
208 |
D. Particular Elements Helping Seminarians To Become Effective Ministers |
209 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
210 |
APPENDIX. |
222 |
A Self-Formation of Seminarians |
222 |
1. Questionnaire of Self-Examinations. |
222 |
2. Awaken Questionnaire |
227 |
3. Self-Evaluation |
229 |
B. Candidate Learns To Become a Good Spiritual Director |
234 |
1. Spiritual Direction and Discernment |
234 |
2. What is Spiritual Discernment? |
235 |
3. What is Spiritual Direction? |
235 |
a. Importance of Spiritual Discernment and Spiritual Direction |
236 |
b. Three Relationships in Spiritual Direction |
237 |
4. Principles of Spiritual Direction |
239 |
5. Content and Process of Spiritual Direction Sessions |
240 |
6. Qualities of a Good Spiritual Director |
241 |
7. What the Spiritual Director has to avoid? |
243 |
8. What the Spiritual Director has to do? |
244 |
C. Psychology and Celibacy Formation for Seminarians. |
244 |
1. Harmful Consequences of Sexual Abuse. |
244 |
2. Psychological Examination |
245 |
a. Meaning and Limitations. |
245 |
b. Procedure |
246 |
c. Role of Psychology in the Selection and Training of the Seminarians |
247 |
3. Problem Related to the Celibacy. |
249 |