Translators' note |
XI |
Editions used |
XIII |
Abbreviations |
XIII |
Part One |
|
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE CITY OF JERUSALEM |
|
|
|
I. Industries |
3 |
A The industries of Jerusalem |
4 |
1. Industries which served the general public |
4 |
A Goods for domestic use |
4 |
B Food trades |
6 |
G Luxury goods |
8 |
D The building trade |
10 |
i. Building activity |
10 |
ii. The building workers |
14 |
(a) Ordinary building |
14 |
(/3) Skilled craftsmanship in building |
15 |
(y) Building maintenance |
16 |
E Other trades |
17 |
2. Guilds within individual industries |
18 |
A The layout of the city |
18 |
B The distribution of industries in the city |
19 |
G The organizatio trades |
21 |
3. Industries connected with the Temple |
21 |
A The buildings |
21 |
B The cultus |
25 |
c Organization of Temple workers |
26 |
B The individuality of Jerusalem |
27 |
1. The position of the city |
27 |
2. The political and religious significance of the city |
27 |
II Commerce |
31 |
A Evidence of commerce in Jerusalem |
31 |
I. In general |
31 |
2. Foreign trade |
35 |
3. Local trade |
38 |
A Grain |
39 |
B Fruit and vegetables |
41 |
c Livestock |
46 |
D Raw materials |
49 |
B The influence of Jerusalem on commerce |
51 |
1. The city’s geographical position |
51 |
2. Political and religious importance of the city |
54 |
Foreign Visitors |
58 |
A Evidence for foreign visitors in the city |
58 |
1. In general |
58 |
A The Journey to Jerusalem |
58 |
B Accommodation in Jerusalem |
60 |
2. Visitors from a distance |
62 |
A Gaul, etc. |
63 |
B Rome |
63 |
c Greece |
64 |
D Cyprus |
64 |
E Asia Minor |
65 |
F Mesopotamia |
66 |
G Parthia |
67 |
H Syria |
68 |
I Arabia |
68 |
J Egypt |
69 |
K Cyrene |
71 |
L Ethiopia |
71 |
3. Visitors from within Palestine |
71 |
B The unique character of Jerusalem |
73 |
1. The city’s geographical position |
73 |
2. Political and religious importance of the city |
73 |
Excursus: The number of pilgrims at Passover |
77 |
Additional Note on calculating the number of festival pilgrims |
84 |
CONTENTS |
vii |
B The wealthy class |
92 |
1, Extravagance |
92 |
2. Representatives of the wealthy class |
95 |
V. The Middle Class |
100 |
VI. The Poor |
109 |
A Slaves and day labourers |
110 |
B The subsidized sections of the population |
111 |
VII Decisive Factors in Determining the Economic Circumstances of the People OF Jerusalem |
120 |
A Economic and geographic situation of the city |
120 |
1. The cost of living in normal times |
120 |
2. The cost of living in times of emergency |
121 |
B The political situation |
123 |
1. Taxation |
124 |
2. War and spoliation |
126 |
c Religion and cultus |
126 |
1. Acts of charity |
126 |
2. Pilgrim traffic |
134 |
3. Income from the Cultus |
138 |
Excursus I The historicity of Matthew 27.7 |
138 |
Excursus II Disasters in Jerusalem |
140 |
Part Three |
|
SOCIAL STATUS |
|
VIII The Clergy |
147 |
A The high priest |
147 |
B The chief priests and chief Levites |
160 |
c The priestly aristocracy |
181 |
Excursus The chronology of Maccabees |
182 |
D The ‘ordinary’ priests |
198 |
E The Levites |
207 |
F The hereditary character of the priesthood |
213 |
IX. The Lay Nobility |
222 |
X The Scribes |
233 |
XI The Pharisees |
246 |
PART FOUR THE MAINTENANCE OF RACIAL PURITY |
|
XII. The structure of the National Community |
271 |
XIII. Israelites of Pure Ancestry |
275 |
A Legitimacy of ancestry |
275 |
B Historical value of lay genealogies |
284 |
G Civil rights of full Israelites |
297 |
Despised Trades AND Jewish Slaves A Despised trades |
303 |
B Jewish slaves |
303 |
Illegitimate Israelites |
312 |
A Israelites with slight blemish |
317 |
1. Illegitimate descendants of priests |
317 |
2. Proselytes |
317 |
3. Freed Gentile slaves |
320 |
B Israelites with grave blemish |
334 |
1. Bastards |
337 |
2. Temple slaves, fatherless, foundlings, eunuchs |
337 |
XVI. Gentile Slaves |
342 |
XVII. THE SAMARITANS |
352 |
XVIII The Social Position of Women |
359 |
List of High Priests |
377 |
Jerusalem Scribes |
379 |
Index of Names and Subjects |
381 |
Index of References |
385 |
Old Testament |
385 |
New Testament |
388 |
Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha |
392 |
Qumran Writings |
392 |
The Mishnah |
393 |
The Tosephta |
396 |
The Babylonian Talmud |
397 |
The Jerusalem Talmud |
399 |
The Extra-canonical Tractates |
400 |
Midrash Rabbah |
400 |
Josephus |
401 |
Philo |
404 |