Revised Edition Logic Simplified And Integrated

Revised Edition Logic Simplified And Integrated
Tác giả:	Edgardo A. Reyes
Ký hiệu tác giả:	RE-E
DDC:	160 - Logic học
Ngôn ngữ:	Anh
Số cuốn:	1

Hiện trạng các bản sách

Mã số:	258SB0003294
Nhà xuất bản:	National Book Store
Năm xuất bản:	1988
Khổ sách:	21
Số trang:	314
Kho sách:	Thư viện Sao Biển
Tình trạng:	Hiện có

1	THE MEANING OF LOGIC	1
1.1	Definition of Logic	2
1.2	Meaning of Correct Thinking	3
1.3	Correct Thinking and Logic	4
1.4	Logic as a Science	5
1.5	Objects of a Science	6
1.6	Logic as Philosophy	7
1.7	Logic as Practical Philosophy	8
1.8	The Material and Formal Objects of Logic	9
1.9	Division of Logic	9
1.1	Importance of Logic	10
2	THE SIMPLE APPREHENSION AND THE IDEA	15
2.1	The Formation of an Idea	15
2.2	Reality	15
2.3	The sense Image	15
2.4	The Phantasm	18
2.5	The Idea and Simple Apprehension	18
2.6	Substance or Essence or Nature	19
2.7	Properties of an Idea	23
2.8	Comprehension of an Idea	23
2.9	The Tree of Being	25
2.1	Extension of an Idea	26
2.11	Inverse Relation of Comprehension and Extension	26
3	THE TERM	35
3.1	Definition of Term	35
3.2	Terms ( and Ideas) classified According to Actual or Functional Extension	36
3.3	Universal	37
3.4	Particular Terms	39
3.5	Distributive and collective Terms	42
3.6	Determining the Quantity or Extension of the Subject	43
4	JUDGEMENT
4.1	Description and Definition of the Judgement	57
4.2	Affirmative Judgement	57
2.3	Negative Judgement	59
2.4	Elements of Judgement	59
4.5	Further Discussion on the Judgement	60
5	THE SIMPLE CATEGORICAL PROPOSITION	63
5.1	Definition of a Proposition	63
5.2	The simple Categorical Proposition	63
5.3	Elements of a Proposition	64
5.4	The Logical Form of the Proposition	64
5.5	Reduction to Logical Form	65
5.6	Determining the Concrete Logical Form	66
5.7	Properties of Propositions	73
5.8	A, E, I and O Propositions	74
5.9	The U Proposition	74
5.1	The Quantity or Extension of the Predicate	79
5.11	The Quantity of the Predicate in an Affirmative Propositions	81
5.12	The Predicate in a Negative Proposition	81
5.13	Summary of Rules thus Far	81
6	IMMEDIATE INFERENCE OR THE REEXPRESSION OF A PROPOSITION	87
6.1	Immediate Inference	87
6.2	Importance of Immediate Inference	87
6.3	Classification of Ideas (or Terms) According to Relations	87
6.4	Kinds of Immediate Inference	91
6.5	Logical Opposition of Categorical Proposition	91
6.6	Logical Triangle of Opposition: Logical Opposition of the A, E and U Propositions	91
6.7	The A-E-U and the A-E-I-O Systems	92
6.8	Logical Square of Opposition: Logical Opposition of the A,E,I and O ppositions	92
6.9	Opposition in a Strict Sense Contradictories and Contraries	93
6.1	Opposition in a Broad Sense: Subcontraries and Subalterns	96
6.11	Conversion	115
6.12	Kinds of Conversion	115
6.13	Conversion of Propositions	116
6.14	Conversion Simplified	117
6.15	Diagrammatic Conversion of Propositions	119
6.16	Obversion	120
6.17	Practical Exercises on Conversion and Obversion	131
6.18	Other Ways of Reexpression	135
6.19	Integrated Reexpression of Propositions: "COCOCOCO"	135
6.2	Integrated Summary of Reexpression or Immediate Inference	141
7	THE REASONING PROCESS	143
7.1	Description of Reasoning	143
7.2	Kinds of Reasoning	143
7.3	Description of Deductive Reasoning	144
7.4	Elements and Definition of Deductive Reasoning	145
7.5	Deductive Argumentation The Categorical Sillogism	145
7.6	Elements of a Syllogism	145
7.7	Validity and Truth in the Sillogism	155
7.8	Relation of Validity and Truth	155
7.9	Terms Classified According to Exactness of Meaning	156
7.1	Principles of Identity and Distinction (Non - Identity) in a Syllogism	157
7.11	Rules for the Categorical Syllogism Summarized	165
7.12	Derivation and Explanation of the Rules for the Categorical Syllogisms Summarized	186
7.13	Complete Step By Step Analisis of the Four Rules	188
7.14	A Brief Practical Summary of the Four Rules	190
7.15	Figures of the Categorical Syllogism	215
7.16	Special Use of the Figures	215
7.17	Moods of the Categorical Syllogism	217
7.18	Particular Rules for the Figures	218
7.19	Reduction to the First Figure	219
7.2	How to Reduce to the First Figure	219
8	IMPERFECT SYLLOGISM	221
8.1	Imperfect Syllogism	221
8.2	The Enthymeme	221
8.3	The Polysyllogism	229
8.4	The Epichireme	231
8.5	The Sorites	233
8.6	Summary of Imperfect Syllogism	234
9	HYPOTHETICAL SYLLOGISM	237
9.1	The Hypothetical Syllogism	237
9.2	The Conditional Syllogism	248
9.3	The Nonconjunctive or Incomplete Disjunctive Syllogism	247
9.4	The Strict Disjunctive Syllogism	248
9.5	The Broad Disjunctive Syllogism	250
9.6	The Dilemma	255
9.7	Integrated Summary of Logical Opposition and Hypothetical Syllogism	257
10	FALLACIES	261
10.1	Fallacies	261
10.2	Fallacies of Out of Topic ( Ignorantia Elenchi)	262
10.3	Fallacy of No Proof ( Petitio Principii)	263
10.4	Fallacy of Weak or Apparent Proof ( Non- Sequitur)	264
10.5	False Universalization ( or Generalization)	266
10.6	Multiple Questions	266
10.7	Summary of the Fallacies	267
11	INDUCTION	275
11.1	Introduction to Induction	275
11.2	Definition and Kinds of Induction	276
11.3	Syllogistic Fundarnentum or Rationale of Induction	278
11.4	Proof of the Minor: Nature is the Sufficient Reason of Uniform Phenomena	278
11.5	Proof of the Major: Establishing Causal Laws	279
11.6	Determining Probable Causes	280
11.7	Criteria For Determining Probable Causes	280
11.8	Criteria For a Good Hypothesis	282
11.9	Formulation and Confirmation of the Hypothesis	284
12	INTRODUCTION TO SYMBOLIC LOGIC	291
12.1	Compound Propositions	291
12.2	Symbolic Logic	291
12.3	Symbols for Symbolic Logic	292
12.4	Truth Values of Compound Propositions	293
12.5	Truth Values of Contradictory Propositions (-A)	293
12.6	Truth Values of Strict Conjunctive Compound Propositions (A + B)	294
12.7	Truth Values of Nonconjunctive or Incomplete Disjunctive Compound Propositions [1 (A + B)]	295
12.8	Truth Values of Strict Disjunctive Compound Propositions ( A o B)	296
12.9	Truth Values of Broad Disjunctive Compound Propositions ( A o B)	297
12.1	Truth Values of the Conditional Compound Propositions ( A B)	298
12.11	Truth Values of the Biconditional Compound Proposition ( A B )	300
12.12	Summary of the Truth Values of Compound Propositions	301
12.13	Logical Grouping Signs or Punctuations	302
12.14	Solving Problems in Symbolic Logic	303
12.15	Symbolic Logic and Aristotelian Thomistic Logic	304
	Bibliography	313
	LISTS OF ILLUSTRATIONS
figure 1.1	Division of Phylosophy	3
1.2	Objects of a Science	7
1.3	Science Chart	8
1.4	Main Outline of Logic	10
figure 2.1	Illustrative Outline of the Formation of an Idea and of a Term	16,17
2.2	The Tree of Being	25
2.3	Chart Showing Inverse Relation of Comprehension and Extension	26
2.4	Illustrative Inverse Relation of Comprehension and Extension	27
Figure 3.1	Use of Terms in Communication	35
3.2	Classification of Terms According to functiional Extension	37
3.3	Outline of the Classification of the Particular	39
3.4	Illustration of the Exclusive Particular	40
3.5	Illustrative Classification of Terms	42
Figure 4.1	Agreement or Disagreement of Ideas	57
4.2	Illustration of the Affirmative Judgment	58
4.3	Illustration of the Negative Judgment	59
Figure 5.1	The Expressed Logical Form of the Proposition	64
5.2	Chart of the Kinds of Proposition	73
5.3	Diagram of the A, E, I, O, U Proposition	74
5.4	Chart Summarizing Rules Thus Far	82
Figure 6.1	Illustrative Opposition of A, E, U Proposition	91
6.2	The A, E, I, O and U Propositions Illustrated	94
6.3	Illustrative Opposition of the A, E , I and O Proposition	95
6.4	Memory Aid for Logical Opposition of A, E, I and O	98
6.5	Chart of the Logical Opposition of A, E, I, O and U Propositions	100
Figure 9.1	Integration of Hypothetical Syllogisms With A, E, I, O	237
Figure 12.1	Table of Truth Values of Contradictory Propositions	294
12.2	Table of Truth Values of Strict ConJunctive Compound Propositions	295
12.3	Table of Truth Values for Nonconjunctive Compound Propositions	296
12.4	Table of Truth Values Up to Strict Disjunctive Compound Propositions	296
12.5	Table of Truth for the Broad Disjunctive Compound Propositions	297
12.6	Table of Truth Values for the Conditional Compound Propositions	299
12.7	Table of Truth Values for the Biconditional Compound Propositions	300

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