| DEDICATION |
4 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
5 |
| ABBREVIATIONS |
7 |
| FOREWORD #1 |
17 |
| FOREWORD #2 |
19 |
| PREFACE |
21 |
| CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION |
29 |
| A. Background of the Study |
29 |
| B. Statement of the Problem |
39 |
| C. Significance of the Study |
39 |
| D. Scope and Limitation of the Study |
41 |
| E. Objectives of the Study |
41 |
| F. Definition of Terms |
42 |
| G. Review of Literature and Related Studies |
46 |
| H. Methodology |
59 |
| I. Organization of the Study |
61 |
| CHAPTER II: VIETNAM, ITS PEOPLE AND CULTURE |
63 |
| Introduction |
63 |
| A. The Vietnamese People |
63 |
| 1. The Origin of the Vietnamese People |
64 |
| 2. A Brief History of Vietnam |
71 |
| B. The Vietnamese Culture |
74 |
| 1. Several Civilizations in Southeast Asia |
74 |
| 2. Basic Features of the Vietnamese Culture |
77 |
| 3. The Role of the Woman |
80 |
| C. The Religions in Vietnam |
82 |
| 1. The Vietnamese Traditional Religion/ Việt Giáo Truyền Thống |
82 |
| 2. Confucianism |
94 |
| 3. Taoism |
95 |
| 4. Buddhism |
97 |
| 5. Cao Dai |
100 |
| 6. Hoa Hao Buddhism |
102 |
| D. The Impact of the Western and the French Cultures on Vietnamese Society |
103 |
| 1. The Arrival of the Western Traders and Missionaries |
103 |
| 2. Christianity in Vietnamese Society |
110 |
| 3. The Arrival of the French |
112 |
| Summary |
119 |
| CHAPTER III: MEAL IN THE VIETNAMESE CULTURE |
121 |
| Introduction |
121 |
| A. The History of the Meal in Vietnam |
121 |
| 1. Meals in the Pre-historical Period (2879-258 BC) |
122 |
| 2. Meal during Chinese Domination (287 BC-938 AD) |
133 |
| 3. Meal during the French Period (1883-1954) |
136 |
| 4. Main Meals |
140 |
| 5. Other Significant Meals |
145 |
| B. Characteristics of the Meal in Vietnamese Culture |
148 |
| 1. Family Gathering |
149 |
| 2. Meal Table |
153 |
| C. The Vietnamese Woman and the Meal |
161 |
| 1. The Role of the Vietnamese Woman during the Meal |
162 |
| 2. The Vietnamese Woman and Ecology |
165 |
| Summary |
173 |
| CHAPTER IV: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE JEWISH MEAL AS IMPLIED IN THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE LOAVES IN JOHN 6 |
175 |
| Introduction |
175 |
| A. The Context of the Johannine Gospel |
176 |
| 1. The Setting of the Fourth Gospel |
176 |
| 2. Why the Johannine Gospel? |
183 |
| 3. The Outline of the Johannine Gospel |
186 |
| 4. John 6 |
187 |
| B. Meals in Jewish Society |
189 |
| 1. The Land of Palestine |
189 |
| 2. The Israelite Diet |
194 |
| 3. Jewish Family Meal in Galilee in Jesus’Time |
200 |
| C. The Multiplication of the Loaves in John 6 |
211 |
| 1. Sources |
211 |
| 2. Bread and Fish, Bread and Wine |
214 |
| 3. Cultural Values |
215 |
| D. The Significance of the Jewish Meal in John 6 |
221 |
| 1. The Host |
222 |
| 2. Unexpected Guests |
222 |
| 3. The Jewish Thanksgiving Prayers |
223 |
| 4. Given Resources |
224 |
| 5. Five Loaves of Barley Bread and Two Fish |
224 |
| 6. Collecting of the Fragments |
227 |
| E. The Message of the Meal as Implied in the Multiplication of the Loaves in John 6 |
228 |
| 1. Jesus, the Messiah and the Son of God |
229 |
| 2. Jesus, the Bread of Life |
231 |
| Summary |
233 |
| CHAPTER V: MISSIOLOGICAL AMPLIFICATION OF THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE LOAVES IN JOHN 6 IN THE VIETNAMESE CULTURE |
235 |
| Introduction |
235 |
| A. Points of Convergence and Points of Divergence |
236 |
| 1. Points of Convergence |
236 |
| 2. Points of Divergence |
246 |
| B. Missiological Amplification of Multiplication of Loaves in John 6 |
250 |
| 1. The Message of the Multiplication of the Loaves in John 6 |
250 |
| 2. Missiological Amplification in the Vietnamese Culture |
259 |
| C. Promotion of the Vietnamese Missiological Amplification |
266 |
| 1. Mission as Dialogue with Culture |
267 |
| 2. Implications of Mission as Dialogue with Culture in Vietnam |
269 |
| 3. Obstacles to Mission as Dialogue with Culture in Vietnam |
277 |
| 4. Spiritual Aspects of Mission as Dialogue with Culture |
281 |
| Summary |
284 |
| CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION |
285 |
| A. Summary |
285 |
| B. Findings |
286 |
| 1. What is the culture of the Vietnamese people? |
287 |
| 2. What is the Vietnamese concept of meal? |
287 |
| 3. What is the meaning of the Multiplication of the Loaves in John 6? |
287 |
| 4. How can the Vietnamese missiological amplification of the Multiplication of Loaves be promoted among the Vietnamese people? |
288 |
| C. Recommendations |
288 |
| 1. God and Mr. Heaven |
289 |
| 2. The Jewish Thanksgiving Prayer and the Vietnamese Thanksgiving |
289 |
| 3. The Practice of Ecology in the Vietnamese Meal |
290 |
| 4. The Presence of the Trinity in the Vietnamese Meal |
290 |
| 5. “Bread of Life” in Other Cultures |
291 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
293 |
| APPENDIX: |
|
| Timeline Of Vietnamese Historical Events |
315 |
