| INTRODUCTION |
|
| The Influence of Mary |
|
| in the Christian Tradition |
1 |
| The Presence of Mary in the Christian Tradition |
1 |
| Mary in the Imagination of Christians |
2 |
| Marian References in Scripture |
2 |
| Contemporary Ecumenical Interest |
3 |
| The Scope of This Book |
3 |
| CHAPTER ONE |
|
| Mary’s Participation in THE Kingdom of God 5 |
|
| The Presence of the Anti-Kingdom |
6 |
| Mary’s Participation in Bringing about the Kingdom of God |
7 |
| 1. Paul’s Letter to the Galatians |
8 |
| “Bom of a Woman” |
8 |
| 2. Luke’s Infancy Narrative |
10 |
| Mary’s Cooperation in the Incarnation |
10 |
| Mary’s Magnificat |
13 |
| Echoing Mary’s Magnificat Today |
15 |
| 3. The Fourth Gospel |
16 |
| Link between the Cana Sign |
|
| and the other J ohannine Signs |
16 |
| Mary, Jesus’ Mother at Cana |
17 |
| Mary’s Presence and Witness to Jesus’ Hour 18 Mary, Our Model of Faith |
19 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
19 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
20 |
| CHAPTER TWO |
|
| The Marian Dogmas I |
21 |
| The Evolution of Dogma |
21 |
| I. Mary, Mother of God |
22 |
| Scriptural Roots of the Dogma |
|
| of Mary’s Motherhood |
24 |
| Mary, the Mother of God, in the Eastern Liturgy |
24 |
| Mary’s Motherhhood: Theological Implications |
25 |
| II. The Virginal Conception of Jesus |
26 |
| Annunciation Narratives |
26 |
| Matthew’s Infancy Narrative |
27 |
| The Virginity of Mary: Theological Reflections |
28 |
| The Cautious Conclusion of Scholars |
29 |
| Influences of Docetism |
30 |
| Influences of Gnosticism |
31 |
| Monastic and Ascetic Influences |
32 |
| Consequences of Such Interpretations |
33 |
| Cultural Views of Virginity |
33 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
34 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
34 |
| CHAPTER THREE |
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| The Marian Dogmas II |
35 |
| I. The Immaculate Conception |
35 |
| The History of the Dogma of |
|
| the Immaculate Conception |
36 |
| Theological Arguments |
36 |
| The Definition of the Dogma of |
|
| the Immaculate Conception, 1854 |
38 |
| The Classical Doctrine of Original Sin |
39 |
| Contemporary Reflections on Original Sin |
41 |
| Interpreting the Doctrine of |
|
| the Immaculate Conception |
42 |
| The Immaculate Conception: |
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| Its Significance as Archetype |
43 |
| II. Mary’s Assumption |
44 |
| The Proclamation of the Dogma |
45 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
48 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
48 |
| CHAPTER FOUR |
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| Every Age Forms Its Own Image of Mary |
49 |
| Marian Devotion after Ephesus |
49 |
| The Desert Fathers and Mothers |
50 |
| The Patristic Period |
51 |
| The Early Middle Ages |
52 |
| The Middle Ages |
53 |
| The Thirteenth Century |
54 |
| The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries |
55 |
| The Sixteenth Century |
57 |
| The Seventeenth Century |
58 |
| The Eighteenth Century |
59 |
| From the Nineteenth Century to Vatican II |
60 |
| The Needs of Every Age |
62 |
| The Cult of Mary and Its Influence |
|
| on the Lives of Women |
63 |
| Conclusion |
64 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
64 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
64 |
| CHAPTER FIVE |
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| Mary in THE Theology of Vatican II |
66 |
| Pre-Vatican II Mariology |
66 |
| Conciliar Theology |
67 |
| The Conciliar Debate |
68 |
| Christ’s Mediatorship |
71 |
| In the Aftermath of the Council |
73 |
| Postconciliar Developments |
74 |
| 1. Marialis Cultus |
74 |
| 2. Redemptoris Mater |
76 |
| 3. Behold Your Mother |
77 |
| Conclusion |
77 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
78 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
78 |
| CHAPTER SIX |
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| The Tradition of Marian Symbols |
79 |
| Marian Symbols |
79 |
| The Power of Symbol and Metaphor |
79 |
| Christian Symbols and |
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| the Culture that Gave Them Birth |
81 |
| The Eve-Mary Parallelism |
82 |
| A Critique of the Eve-Mary Parallelism |
86 |
| The Suppression of the Feminine in Christianity |
87 |
| Correcting the Distortions in the Tradition |
88 |
| Traditional Images of Mary |
|
| Legitimate Women’s Oppression |
89 |
| Searching for an Alternative Tradition |
90 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
90 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
91 |
| CHAPTER SEVEN |
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| Toward AN Alternative Marian Theology |
92 |
| Mary Has Borne the Image of the Divine |
92 |
| Exaggerations in Medieval Theology |
92 |
| An Underdeveloped Pneumatology |
93 |
| Speaking of God in Finite Images |
95 |
| Imaging God in Male and Female Metaphors |
96 |
| Theology’s Ideological Bias |
98 |
| Mary, A Finite Human Being with |
|
| a Unique Role in History |
99 |
| Political and Liberation Theologies |
99 |
| Feminist Theology |
101 |
| Retrieving the Figure of Mary |
103 |
| Mary, Our Model Disciple |
103 |
| Questions for Reflection and Discussion |
104 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
105 |
| APPENDIX |
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| Mary in Popular Belief |
106 |
| Popular Religion |
106 |
| Pilgrimage in the Christian Tradition |
107 |
| Marian Apparitions and Church Teaching |
107 |
| Expressing the Experience of the Holy |
108 |
| Certain Constants in the Marian Apparitions |
109 |
| The Symbol of Guadalupe |
109 |
| Marian Pilgrimages in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries |
111 |
| The Apparitions at Lourdes |
112 |
| The Apparitions at La Salette |
112 |
| The Apparitions at Fatima |
113 |
| The Apparitions at Medjugoije |
113 |
| The Church Calls for Discernment and Prudence |
114 |
| The Recent Upsurge in Marian Manifestations |
115 |
| The Popular Apocalyptic Ideology of Apparitions |
115 |
| Channeling Popular Piety |
116 |
| Suggestions for Further Reading |
117 |
| Notes |
118 |
| Selected Bibliography |
126 |
| Index |
129 |