The Child In The Family And The Community

The Child In The Family And The Community
Tác giả:	Janet Gonzalez - Mena
Ký hiệu tác giả:	ME-J
DDC:	300.4 - Khoa học xã hội nói chung
Ngôn ngữ:	Anh
Số cuốn:	1

Hiện trạng các bản sách

Mã số:	258SB0002356
Nhà xuất bản:	Merrill Prentice Hall
Năm xuất bản:	2002
Khổ sách:	27
Số trang:	330
Kho sách:	Thư viện Sao Biển
Tình trạng:	Hiện có

PART 1: The Child: Socialization in a Developmental Context	1
CHAPTER 1: Attachment	4
Attachment and Trust	6
How Attachment Occurs	9
Signs of Attachment	11
Obstacles to Attachment	12
Learning to Cope with Feelings of Loss	15
Varying Attachment Patterns	17
Attachment and Infant Mortality	19
Judging Attachment in a Cross-Cultural Situation	20
Child Care and Attachment	21
Quality Care is Vital to Attachment	22
Summary	23
For Discussion	23
References	24
Further Reading	25
CHAPTER 2: Autonomy	26
Toddlers and Autonomy	28
Signs of Developing Autonomy	28
Negativity	28
Exploration	29
Self-Help Skills	30
A Sense of Possession	33
Dealing with Issues of Power and Control	35
Set Up a Developmentally Appropriate Environment	36
Appreciate Play	36
Encourage Self-Help Skills	37
Give Choices	38
Provide Control	39
Set Limits	40
Coping with Loss and Separation	42
Taking Separation in Small Steps	42
Entering child Care	42
Summary	45
For Discussion	45
References	46
Further Reading	46
CHAPTER 3: Initiative	48
What Initiative Looks Like in a 4-Year-Old	50
Analyzing Initiative in a 4-Year-Old	51
Developmental Conflicts	53
Autonomy versus shame and Doubt	53
Initiative versus Guilt	53
Imagination and Fantasy	54
The Value of Play of All Sorts	55
How the Environment Contributes to a Sense of Initiative	56
"Dimensions" of Play Environments	58
How Adults Contribute to children’s Initiative	59
The Shy child	60
A Look at Aggression	61
Ca uses of Aggression	61
Teaching Young Children Problem-Solving Skills	64
Empowering the Preschool-Age Child	66
Summary	68
For Discussion	69
References	70
Further Reading	70
CHAPTER 4: Self-Esteem	72
Portrait of a Person with High Self-esteem	74
Definition of Self-esteem	75
Dimensions of Self-esteem	76
Significance	76
Competence	77
Power	78
Virtue	78
The Role of Beliefs and Expectations in Self-Esteem	78
Where Does Self-Esteem Come From?	79
Promoting Self-Esteem	81
Give More Honest Feedback and Encouragement Than Praise	81
Give Children Opportunities to Experience Success	81
Children Learn from Failure	84
Celebrating Differences: An Antibias Approach	85
Bias Is Bad for People	86
Cultural Differences and Self-Esteem	88
Summary	91
For Discussion	91
References	92
Further Reading	92
PART 2: The Family: Socialization for High Self-Esteem in Healthy Families	95
CHAPTER 5: Goals, Values, and Culture	102
Relationship of Goals and Values to Child-Rearing Practices	104
Cultural Differences in Goals and Values	104
Contrasting Cultural Patterns	106
When Parents and/or Caregivers or Teachers Have Conflicting Goals and Values	107
What to Do When Conflicts Arise	109
Build Relationships	113
Know' Yourself	114
Work to Bring Differences Out in the Open	114
Discuss Differences	114
Become an Effective Cross-Cultural Communicator	114
Problem-Solve	115
Commit Yourself to Education	115
Helping Children Understand and Value Cultural Pluralism	116
Teaching Morals and Values to children	116
Teaching Morals by Helping Children Examine Their Decision-Making Process	117
Teaching Morals by Promoting Prosocial Development	118
Summary	121
For Discussion	121
References	122
Further Reading	122
CHAPTER 6: Child Care: An Extension of the Family	126
child Care as a Child-Rearing Environment	128
Affordability and Availability	130
Status and Salaries	131
The State of Child Care in America Today	133
Looking at Quality	134
Adult-Child Interactions in child Care and Early Education Settings	135
Including Everybody	136
Questions Concerning Continuity Between child Care and Home	138
Parent-Provider Relations	141
Roadblocks to Mutual Appreciation, Respect, and Support	142
Summary	145
For Discussion	145
References	146
Further Reading	146
CHAPTER 7: Disciplining for High Self-Esteem	148
Defining the Word Discipline	150
Problems with Using Punishment to Teach Young children	151
Guidelines for Disciplining Young Children	153
Discipline as Preventing Unacceptable Behavior	153
Discipline as Responding to Unacceptable Behavior	158
Summary	164
For Discussion	164
References	164
Further Reading	165
Chapter 8: Accepting Feelings	166
what Are Feelings?	169
All Feelings Are Positive	170
Learning Feelings	171
Social Referencing	172
Cultural Scripts	173
The Importance of Accepting Feelings	175
Teaching children Healthy Expressions of Feelings	176
Teaching children to Cope with Feelings	178
Developing Self-Calming Shills	178
Coping by Playing Pretend	180
Coping with Simultaneous Feelings	180
Coping with Anger	181
Coping with Fear	182
Summary	184
For Discussion	185
References	185
Further Reading	185
CHAPTER 9: Problem Solving	188
Problem Solving when Needs Conflict	190
The Direct Order and Its Disadvantages	190
TAe Fear-Inducing Approach and Its Disadvantages	190
Issues Around obedience	191
Suffering Silently	191
Suffering Openly	191
Parenting Approaches	192
T/ie Authoritarian Approach	192
T/ie Permissive Approach	192
T/te Authoritative Approach	193
The Problem-Solving Process	193
Problem Solving when the child Hus a Problem	194
Problem Solving when the Adult Hus the Problem	196
Using the RERUN Process: An Example	199
Problem Solving and Cognitive Development	200
Child-Initiated Problems	200
Adult-Initiated Problems	201
Summary of Steps of Problem Solving	201
Summary	204
For Discussion	204
References	204
Further Reading	204
CHAPTER 10: Strokes and Affirmations: A Path to Self-Esteem	206
What Are Strokes?	208
Using Positive Strokes to change Behavior	210
What Are Affirmations?	211
Affirmations Can Create Self-Fulfilling Prophecies	212
Children's Response to Affirmations and Strokes	214
Relation of Adult Self-Esteem to Building Self-Esteem in Children	217
Changing Negative Messages to Positive Ones	217
Self-Stroking	219
Learning New Skills	220
Tips for Getting Yourself Nurtured	222
Summary	223
For Discussion	224
References	224
Further Reading	224
CHAPTER 11: Modeling and Teaching Sex Roles	226
Why Think About Teaching Sex Roles?	228
The Women of Today	228
Sex Equity and Child Rearing	229
Toys and Sex Roles	229
The Power of Language	231
Using Modeling to Teach	232
Differential Socialization	232
Differential Treatment from Parents	234
Differential Treatment in Preschool	234
Differential Treatment from Elementary School	235
The Role of Biology in Creating Differences Between Boys and Girls	236
Guidelines for Parents and Early Childhood Educators	237
Summary	239
For Discussion	239
References	239
Further Reading	239
CHAPTER 12: Stress and Success in Family Life	242
Successful Families	244
Traits of Successful Families	245
Sara's Family	246
Roberto's Family	247
Hal's Family	248
Michael's Family	248
Courtney's Family	249
The Jackson Family	250
What Do the six Families Have in Common?	252
Stress Isn’t Necessarily Bad	252
What We Can Learn from Studies of Resilient children	254
Helping All Children Become Resilient children	255
Summary	258
For Discussion	258
References	259
Further Reading	259
PART 3: The Community: Socialization in the Community Context	261
CHAPTER 13: Community Resources	264
Social Networks	266
Developing a Broad Base of Support	267
Forms Social Networks May Take	268
Community Institutions That Serve Families	268
Families Using Community Resources	269
Sara's Family	269
Roberto's Family	271
Hai’s Family	272
Michael's Family	272
Courtney's Family	273
The Jackson Family	274
Connections to the Community	275
A Summary of Community Resources	275
Availability of Community Resources	277
Summary	278
For Discussion	279
References	279
Further Reading	279
CHAPTER 14: Socializing Agents	282
Socialization and the Family	284
The Issue of Bias	285
Schools as Socializing Agents	289
Getting into Kindergarten	290
Classroom Behavior	293
Responding to Diversity	294
Inequity and Schools	295
The Peer Group as an Agent of Socialization	295
Functions of the Peer Group	297
The Media as an Influence on Socialization	297
Commercial Advertising	299
Violence	300
Summary	302
For Discussion	302
References	302
Further Reading	302
CHAPTER 15: Social Policy Issues	304
who Is Responsible for America's children?	306
Children and Equal Opportunity	308
Ready to Learn: A Goal for All of America's Children	309
Hrad Start	310
Child Care	310
Economic Development	313
Adequate Health Services and Nutrition for All	313
Taking a Preventive Approach	315
Advocacy	316
Summary	317
For Discussion	318
References	318
Further Reading	318
Index	321

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