| Preface: An Uncertain Heritage |
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| Introduction |
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| PART I. FINITUDE AND THE FUTURE: SEVEN MODES OF RELIGIOUS SKEPTICISM |
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| 1. The Subject Mode |
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| 1. Overlooked Evidence |
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| 2. Neglected Evidence |
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| 3. Inaccessible Evidence |
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| 4. Undiscovered Evidence |
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| 5. Undiscoverable Evidence |
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| 6. Unrecognized Defeat: A Strategy of Assessment |
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| 7. Additional Support for the Strategy |
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| 8. Application of the Strategy to Religious Inquiry |
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| 9. Is the Subject Mode Self-Defeating? |
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| 2. The Object Mode |
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| 1. The Ultimate: Knowable or Unknowable? |
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| 2. Religious Conceptions of the Ultimate: Adequate or Inadequate? |
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| 3. Ultimism: Coherent or Incoherent? |
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| 3. The Retrospective Mode |
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| 1. General Preliminaries |
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| 2. The Heart of the Matter: How Religious Investigation Has Suffered |
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| 3. The Skeptical Fallout |
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| 4. The Prospective Mode |
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| 1. Why the Future Matters Now |
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| 2. How the Evidence May Change |
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| 3. Does the Prospective Mode Underwrite Irresponsible Generalization? |
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| 5. The Modes Combined: Limitation, Immaturity, Presumption |
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| 1. Combinatorial Reasoning |
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| 2. The Limitation Mode |
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| 3. The Immaturity Mode |
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| 4. The Presumption Mode |
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| 6. The Bearing of Pragmatic Considerations |
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| 1. The Benefits of Belief |
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| 2. The Benefits of Disbelief |
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| 3. Passive or Active Skepticism? |
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| PART II. CRADLES OF CONVICTION: THE MODES APPLIED AND FORTIFIED |
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| 7. An Answer to Naturalism |
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| 1. The Nature of Naturalism 2. Arguments for Naturalism |
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| 3. A More Plausible Naturalism? |
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| 4. Conclusions |
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| 8. The Questionableness of Religious Experience |
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| 1. First-Person Justification: Variations on the Theme |
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| 2. Innocent until Proven Guilty? |
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| 3. The Problem of Religious Diversity Revisited |
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| 4. The Problem of Natural Explanation Introduced |
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| 5. Final Thoughts |
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| PART III. GOD AND THE GAPS: THE MODES ILLUSTRATED AND VINDICATED |
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| 9. Hiddenness Arguments I |
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| 1. Parameters of the Discussion |
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| 2. God, Creation, and Divine-Creature Relationship |
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| 3. Objections to the Hiddenness Argument |
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| 4. The Free-Will Defense against the Problem of Hiddenness |
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| 10. Hiddenness Arguments II |
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| 1. Former Believers |
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| 2. Lifelong Seekers |
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| 3. Converts to Nontheistic Religion |
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| 4. Isolated Nontheists |
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| 5. Conclusion |
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| 11. The Argument from Horrors |
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| 1. Developing the Argument |
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| 2. An Objection to the Argument |
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| 3. More Objections: The Free-Will Theodicy |
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| 4. More Objections: The Free-Will Defense |
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| 12. The Free-Will Offense |
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| 1. A World without Free Will |
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| 2. A World without the Free-Will Defense |
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| 3. The Problems of Free Will |
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| 4. This Chapter and Previous Arguments |
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| 13. Consolidating Forces: The Arguments Combined |
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| 1. The Consolidated Hiddenness Argument |
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| 2. The Consolidated Argument from Horrors and Free Will |
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| 3. The Consolidated Argument from Hiddenness, Horrors, and Free Will |
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| 14. Closing the Case: Seven Proofs and a Skeptical Conclusion |
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| 1. The Force of the Proofs: An Opening Worry |
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| 2. The Force of the Proofs: Skeptical Theism |
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| 3. The Force of the Proofs: Other Theists |
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| 4. God and the Gaps |
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| Epilogue |
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| Appendix A. Definitions |
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| Appendix B. Principles |
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| Index |
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